Dim Sum Fast food

Two women picking microwave-cooked dim sum from the freezer in Circle K, Hong Kong.

Certain kinds of instant dim sum have come onto the market in Hong Kong, Mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore. People can enjoy snacks after a 3-minute defrosting and reheating of the instant dim sum in a microwave oven.

Some stalls serve "street dim sum" which usually consists of dumplings or meatballs steamed in a large container, but served on a bamboo skewer. The customer can dip the whole skewer into a sauce bowl and eat while standing or walking.

Dim sum can be purchased from major grocery stores in most countries with a Chinese population. These dim sum can be easily cooked by steaming or microwaving. Major grocery stores in Hong Kong, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Mainland China, Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, Australia, United States and Canada have a variety of dim sum stocked at the shelves. These include dumplings, siu maai, bau, cheong fun, lo bak go and steamed spare ribs. In Singapore, as well as other countries, dim sum can also be purchased from convenience stores, coffee shops and other eateries. There is also halal certified dim sum available, with chicken taking the place of pork which in addition to Singapore is very popular in Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei.

Source: www.wikipedia.com

See also: loewy, table 8

Chinese Hot Pot

Hot pot (Chinese: 火鍋; pinyin: huǒ guō), less commonly Chinese fondue or steamboat, refers to several East Asian varieties of stew, consisting of a simmering metal pot of stock at the center of the dining table. While the hot pot is kept simmering, ingredients are placed into the pot and are cooked at the table. Typical hot pot dishes include thinly sliced meat, leafy vegetables, mushrooms, wontons, egg dumplings, and seafood. The cooked food is usually eaten with a dipping sauce. In many areas, hot pot meals are often eaten in the winter.

History

The Chinese hot pot boasts a history of more than 1000 years. While often called "Mongolian hot pot”, it is unclear if the dish actually originates in Mongolia. Mongol warriors had been known to cook with their helmets, which they used to boil food, but due to the complexity and specialization of the utensils and the method of eating it, hot pot cooking is much better suited to a sedentary culture. A nomadic household will avoid such highly specialized tools, to save volume and weight during migration. Both the preparation method and the required equipment are unknown in the cuisine of Mongolia of today.

Hot pot cooking seems to have spread to northern China during the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-906). In time, regional variations developed with different ingredients such as seafood. By the Qing Dynasty, the hot pot became popular throughout most of China. Today in many modern homes, particularly in the big cities, the traditional coal-heated steamboat or hot pot has been replaced by electric, gas or induction cooker versions.

Because hot pot styles change so much from region to region, many different ingredients are used.

Source: www.wikipedia.com

See also: loewy, table 8, chinese food

This Is Our Seafood

Seafood refers to any sea animal or plant that is served as food and eaten by humans. Seafoods include seawater animals, such as fish and shellfish (including molluscs and crustaceans). By extension, in North America although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term seafood is also applied to similar animals from fresh water and all edible aquatic animals are collectively referred to as seafood.

Edible seaweeds are also seafood, and are widely eaten around the world, especially in Asia. See the category of sea vegetables.

The harvesting of wild seafood is known as fishing and the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture, mariculture, or in the case of fish, fish farming. Seafood is often distinguished from meat, although it is still animal and is excluded in a vegetarian diet. Seafood is an important source of protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas.

See also: loewy, table 8

Source: www.wikipedia.com

Nasi Goreng Indonesia

Alih Bahasa: Ratih

Nasi goreng merupakan makanan khas Indonesia dan Malaysia. Nasi goreng merupakan nasi dengan campuran bumbu, cabai, dan udang. Nasi goreng merupakan makanan nasional Indonesia yang tak mengenal batas sosial ekonomi. Makanan ini bisa ditemukan di warung nasi kecil hingga restoran mewah di hotel-hotel.

Bahan utama nasi goreng ialah nasi, kecap, bawang merah dan bawang putih dilengkapi dengan penyedap rasa. Nasi goreng dapat dinikmati kapan saja, bagi orang Indonesia, Malaysia dan Singapura nasi goreng dimakan sebagai sarapan. Nasi yang digunakan sebagai bahan utama biasanya adalah nasi yang tidak habis dimakan malam harinya sehingga nasi goreng tidak terlalu lembek.

Di restoran-restoran, nasi goreng disajikan dengan telur, ayam goreng, sate, sayuran dan kerupuk. Sedangkan di warung nasi kecil, nasi goreng istimewa pakai telur.

Source: www.wikipedia.com

Lihat juga: seafood, Table 8, Loewy

Padu Padan Makanan

Alih Bahasa Oleh: Ratih

Pernahkah kamu makan pagi, siang malam dengan menu yang sama? Bisa jadi jawabannya pernah atau tidak pernah. Tanpa kita sadari, kita memilih makanan bukan hanya berdasarkan keinginan tapi juga berdasarkan kategori makanan. Penelitian mengenai makanan dan budaya mengkategorikan makanan menjadi beberapa bagian. Bukan hanya berdasarkan selera pribadi. Berikut kategori makanan menurut hasil penelitian di negara berkembang dan maju:

1. cultural superfoods: fungsi makanan ini untuk diet;

2. prestige foods: makanan berprotein tinggi, mahal atau unik;

3. body image foods: makanan yang dipercaya dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan, kecantikan dan kesejahteraan;

4. sympathetic magic foods: makanan yang memiliki kesamaan dari segi bentuk dan warna;

5. physiologic group foods: makanan yang tidak boleh dikonsumsi bagi kelompok tertentu misalnya gender, usia atau kondisi kesehatan.

Kategorisasi ini memudahkan para peneliti mengidentifikasi dan memahami kebiasaan makan dari berbagai kebudayaan, termasuk soal berikut:

1. frekuensi konsumsi makanan yang digambarkan melalui model makanan utama dan pelengkap;

2. tradisi budaya dalam mempersiapkan makanan berdasarkan perayaan tertentu;

3. makanan harian, mingguan, dan tahunan dalam pola makan serta siklus makan;

4. perubahan dari fungsi-fungsi makanan yang disebabkan oleh perkembangan budaya, diprediksi dari perubahan pandangan tentang budaya makan.

Makanan yang paling sering dikonsumsi diantaranya: nasi, gandum, jagung, dan sayuran. Sedangkan makanan yang luas penyebarannya namun dikonsumsi dengan frekuensi tertentu seminggu sekali ialah: ayam, selada dan apel. Sedangkan makanan yang dikonsumsi sekali-sekali disebut peripheral foods. Sifatnya pilihan pribadi, bukan kebiasaan budaya secara berkelompok. Pada banyak budaya, terutama pada masyarakat agraris, makanan utama disajikan dengan makanan pelengkap untuk menyeimbangkan kadar nutrisi antara makanan utama dan makanan pelengkap. Nasi, roti dan pasta disajikan dengan sayuran atau tomat. Di Cina, nasi dipadukan dengan sayuran, di Itali mie dipadukan dengan saus tomat (spaghetti), di Meksiko tortilla dengan salsa. Padu padan makanan memang bersifat membudaya pada jenis makanan utama dan lauk. Bagaimana denganmu?

Sumber:

Kittler, Pamela Goyan and Kathryn Sucher. 2008. Food and culture. Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth.

Lihat juga: Loewy, Table 8, dim sum

A Chinese buffet restaurant in the United States of America

American Chinese food tends to be cooked very quickly with a great deal of oil and salt[citation needed]. Many dishes are quickly and easily prepared, and require inexpensive ingredients. Stir-frying, pan-frying, and deep-frying tend to be the most common cooking techniques which are all easily done using a wok[citation needed]. The food also has a reputation for high levels of MSG to enhance the flavor. The symptoms of a so-called Chinese restaurant syndrome or "Chinese food syndrome" have been attributed to a glutamate sensitivity, but carefully controlled scientific studies have not demonstrated such negative effects of glutamate[citation needed]. Market forces and customer demand have encouraged many restaurants to offer "MSG Free" or "No MSG" menus.

Most American Chinese establishments cater to non-Chinese customers with menus written in English or containing pictures.[citation needed] If separate Chinese-language menus are available, they typically feature delicacies like liver, chicken feet or other exotic meat dishes that might deter Western customers[citation needed]. In New York's Chinatown, the restaurants were known for having a "phantom" menu with food preferred by Chinese and Chinese Americans, but believed to be disliked by non-Chinese Americans.

American Chinese cuisine often uses ingredients not native and very rarely used in China. One such example is the common use of western broccoli (xi lan, 西蘭) instead of Chinese broccoli (gai lan, 芥蘭) in American Chinese cuisine.[citation needed] Even more divergent are American stir-fry dishes inspired by Chinese food, that may contain brown rice instead of white, with grated cheese; milk products are almost always absent from traditional Chinese food.

Source: www.wikipedia.com

See Also: Loewy, Table 8

Makanan Favoritmu, Lingkunganmu

By: Ratih

Ciri dari identitas seseorang menurut para ahli, salah satunya dilihat dari makanan favorit. Sebab makanan yang kita suka berasal dari lingkungan tempat kita hidup dan bergaul. Benarkah? Kita telisik dari apa yang terjadi di masa lalu baru kemudian kita lihat diri kita sekarang. Sejarah dari rasa berkaitan dengan bagaimana para petani di masa lalu. Cara bagaimana mereka mengatasi tidak pastinya panen, persediaan makanan dan tak menentunya harga-harga. Dari satu tempat ke tempat lain, makanan bervariasi dalam bahan pembuatnya dan cara penyajiannya. Makanan mnerfleksikan lingkungan tempat sebuah masyarakat hidup, meski tak selalu ditentukan olehnya. Masyarakat yang hidup dekat laut cenderung mengkonsumsi ikan daripada mereka yang hidup dekat pegunungan. Pengecualian untuk Pulau Sicily yang masyarakatnya tidak suka mengkonsumsi ikan, dan Inggris di masa lalu begitu menghindari ikan kecuali hanya beberapa spesies saja dengan metode penyajian tertentu. Kondisi lingkungan merupakan satu tantangan tersendiri untuk menciptakan satu jenis makanan baru misalnya di daerah bersalju (Freedman. 2007).

Pandangan masyarakat mengenai makanan dan lingkungan tempat mereka hidup sehari-hari menunjukkan adanya persamaan dan perbedaan lewati waktu serta benua. Kentang dan kacang dari dunia ketiga diperkenalkan ke Eropa dan Cina melewati berbagai rintangan; kuliner khas Islam ternyata menjadi model bagi makanan Eropa di abad pertengahan. Hubungan antar negara diawali dengan pertukaran jenis makanan, baik bahan makanan ataupun cara penyajiannya. Selain itu, di Portugal makanan terkait dengan filosofi hidup: “Men are not measurable by their size.” So, makanan pun tak dilihat dari besarnya porsi tapi dinikmati dari kuatnya rasa dengan aroma khas demi menyimpan kenangan. Makanan favorit disana: sup sayuran dengan daging. Tak heran, mereka begitu semangat mencari bumbu-bumbu khas keluar dari negerinya. Demi “menyimpan kenangan.” (Wilkins. 1996).

Bagaimana denganmu? Apakah rela berjuang keluar dari zona nyamanmu sehari-hari demi semangkuk sup? Kalau makanan yang kamu cari itu memang enak, worthed untuk diburu. Chinese food kamu bisa hunting di Loewy dan Table 8, sedangkan makanan Eropa di Pizza Hut, Tamani dan Marzano. Keluar dari lingkungan sendiri berarti mengenal “dunia lain,” meski tak usah pergi terlalu jauh dari Jakarta. Lingkungan restoran tentu menawarkan suasana yang berbeda dengan rumah. Suasana yang tak biasa kadang membuat kita ingin datang lagi untuk melepas jenuh dengan rutinitas.

Daftar Pustaka:

Freedman, Paul (Editor). 2007. Food: the History of Taste. California: University of California Press

Wilkins, John. 1996. Food In European Literature. Exeter: Intellect Books.